Summary of History and Types of Containers

Summary of History and Types of Containers

Name: Bagas Wahyu Nur Pradana

Class: S1 MLM D’16

1.    Introduction

a.       About Containers

-          Container is a standardized reusable steelbox

-          Used to store and moving the materials and products in the global, containerized intermodal freight transport system efficiently and securely.

-          17 million intermodal container in the world

b.      About Size

-          Containers wit a unique ISO 6346 reporting mark vary from:

1.      Lenghts: from 8 ft (2.44m) to 56ft. (17.07m)

2.      Heights: from 8 ft (2.44m) to 9ft 6inch (2.90m) (High Cube Container)

-          Standard Containers availability lengths of:

1.      10’ (3.05m)

2.      20’ (6.08m)

3.      40’ (12.19m)

2.    History of Containers

a.       In 1956, first shipping container, invented and patented by Malcom Mc Lean (American)

b.      He was a trucker, and then he saved his money and bought his first truck in 1934.

c.       All cargo load and unload in odd sized wooden crates, and then Mc Lean Observed that slow and inefficient process for 20 years.

d.      He decided to develop some way of loading cargo from trucks to ships and warehouses.

e.       Mc Lean purchased Pan Atlantic Tanker Company, which owned a bunch fairly rusted tankes, and re-named it, the new shipping company Sea-Land Shipping.

f.       He experimented with a better way to load and unload for trucks and ships.

g.      And his final design is what we know now as a containers shipping: Super strong, stackable, uniform design, theft resistant, easy to load, unload, trucks, ships, rails, and certainly store.

h.      The US Military finally did what was necessary to make a ISO Shipping Container accepted by every Shipping Line and Every Country of the World.

Benerfit:

-          The cost loading freight was reduced by more than 90%.

-          The cost product was reduced

-          In 1956, loose cargo cost $5.86 per ton, using an ISO shipping container, the cost was reduced to only 0.16 centes per ton.

3.    Advantages of Containers

-          Standardization: Standard ISO (Modes and Terminals) unique identification number and size type code.

-          Flexibility: Commodities, manufacturated goods, liquid and refrigerated goods.

-          Costs: low transport costs, economies of scale at modes and terminals.

-          Velocity: fast transhipment operations, low terminal turnaround times.

-          Warehousing: own warehouse: simpler and less expensive packaging.stacking capability.

4.    Drawbacks of Containers

-          Site constraints: large consumption of terminal space. Draft issues with larger containerships.

-          Capital intensiveness: container handling infrastructures and equipment are importants investments.

-          Repositioning: divergence between production and consumption: repositioning. 20% of all containers.

-          Theft and looses: hight value goods vulnerable to thefts. Particulary between terminal and final destination.

-          Ilicit trade: illicit trade of goods, drugs anf weapons, as well as for illegal immigration.

5.    Types of Containers

A.   Dry storage containers

-          Used for Shipping dry goods that do not require temperature control

-          They come in different dimensions standardized by ISO

-          Ideal for Manufactured products and some natural resources          

B.   Flat Rack Container

-          Especially suitable for heavy loads and cargo that needs loading from the top or sides.

-          Manufactured from steel and come in 20’ and 40’ sizes.

-   Ideal for cargo difficult to handle: heavy machinery, large industrial parts and construction materials.

 

C.   Open Top Container

-        Do not have solid roofs. They have removable bows and a weatherproof tarpaulin roof which can be secured with ropes.

-         Open top Conatiners are ideal for bulky cargo such as machinery, wood, etc.

D.   Tanks

-       Mostly used for transportation of liquid materials: toxic, corrosive, highly combustible, and oils, milk, beer, wine, mineral water, chemicals etc.

-      Mostly made of strong steel or other anti-corrosive materials providing them long life and protection to the materials.

E.   Refrigrated ISO Containers

-        Always have a carefully controlled low temperature.

-      Exclusively used for shipment of perishable substanceslike furits and vegetables over long distances.

F.    Double door Container

-       Double doors make it easy for loading and uloading of the freight. Construction of this sort of shipping containers is typically made of steel and iron. They are available in standardized sizes of 40ft and 20ft.

G.  Car Carriers

-          Units made especially for shipment of cars over long distances.

-          The containers without the risk of being damaged or moving from the spot.

H.  Open Side Storage Container

-       These doors of this type of storage unit can be changed to form completely open side allows Having a side completely open side allows for the storage of much wide merchandise and easier loading.

I.      Special Purpose Container

-    These containers can be different shapes and sizes and are often custom made for specific cargo

J.     Swap Bodies

-    This intermodal container can be swapped from a truck chassis to a railcar. These shipping containers have foldable legs to support the containers in-between the two transport modes. Swap body transport is commonly used in Europe. A swap body both weighs and costs less than standard shipping containers.

K.  Half-Height Container

-        This container was designed for the transport of heavy, low volume cargo on ships and trains. The containers can also be used for vehicle transportation, or as a cargo platform for local transport of sand, gravel etc

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