Summary Inland Waterways - BAGAS WAHYU NP

SUMMARY OF INLAND WATERWAYS

NAME: BAGAS WAHYU NUR PRADANA

NIM: 2244 16 161

CLASS: S1 - MLM D'16

LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT

WHAT ARE INLAND WATERWAYS?

Inland Waterways is a network that uses rivers, lakes, and canals. Backwaters and creeks that can be used as a transport for transporting goods in a place or in addition to road and rail. 

inland waterways are defined as a stretch of water, not part of the sea. This term covers both navigable rivers and lakes (natural water-courses, whether or not they have been improved for navigation purposes) and canals (waterways constructed primarily for the purpose of navigation).

Inland Waterway Transport (IWT) is a commercial transport that utilizes a canal to move commercial goods from the main port to the hinterland that connected with a canal. IWT defined as commercial transport by a ship that not has crossed the ocean.

Maybe, the term of Inland Waterways is Very Strange for Indonesian people. I'll make it simpler. Inland, refers to a network origin-destination of transportation that oriented "into a deep", while Waterway refers to a field that can be navigated by ship (it can be river, lakes or calas). So, in general, Inland Waterways can define as transporting goods or human through media such as River, Canals, from the main port to the hinterland or the other way around. if we translated to a term of Bahasa, it can be called as river transportation.

Advantages of Inland Waterways

Inland Waterways have so many advantages over the other mode of transportation like trucks or train. such as:

1. Congestion Free, 
2. Fuel efficient, 
3. Environmental friendly, 
4. Large quantities, 
5. Lower transportation costs, 
6. Lower external costs.

Disadvantages of Inland Waterways

1. IWT Ships have a speed in the range between 10 - 20km/hours, which much low rather than speed of train or land transport.
2. Depends on weather conditions (occurrence of low and high water level, immovable and moveable ice and strong winds)
3. Route and Time that less flexibility.
4. Still needed the other modes of transport. 

Comparison of Land Transports

 by Inland Waterways on America, Transporting freight by water is also the most energy-efficient choice. Barges can move one ton of cargo 576 miles per gallon of fuel. A rail car would move the same ton of cargo 413 miles, and a truck only 155 miles.

 and This is Based on Research of (Achmadi T, et al, 2018) 

IWT BENEFIT

Inland Waterways in Main Europe.

(Inland Navigation Market, 2018)

As an illustration, the Eurostat data in 2016 that 44.6% of inland freight transport in the Netherlands used the inland waterway, the remaining 6.0% used rail and 49.4% used highways. While the average European country uses its inland waterway at 6.2%. 

(Eurostat, 2016, and visimaritim.wordpress.com)

Challenges to developing Inland Waterways

1. physical constraints, related to width, depth, water level, and infrastructure installation along with inland navigation both pipes and bridges 
2. Navigation channels, The decrease of the water level in the navigational channel by 1.50 cm and for a long period of time causes navigational difficulties in the operation of vessels. 
3. The river ports, The lack of sufficient river ports along the navigational channel highly impacts the development of the inland waterways transport development in the case in Egypt. This results in an increase in the voyage time taken and an increase in the operational costs of the vessels.
4. Workforce, The lack of specialized labor force in the inland waterways transport sector leads to increasing stopping periods due to technical malfunctions of the vessels 
5. intramodal competitions, There is a high competition represented in land transport in terms of passengers or cargo despite its high costs and negative impacts on the environment if compared with inland waterways transport. 
6. unused ship spaces, Low volumes of cargo available; The inability to consolidate available cargo, Low port efficiency, and weak management practices. 
7. the multi-designated authorities for the sector, The inland waterways sector is supervised not only by the Ministry of Transport but also by the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Recourses, and the Ministry of Tourism.

References

1. http://ftsl.itb.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2016/10/2.-160907-Presentasi-Infrastruktur-Pelabuhan-final.pdf
2. https://visimaritim.wordpress.com/2018/10/05/apa-sih-inland-waterway-itu/ 
3. https://www.slideshare.net/saihemant/inland-waterway-transportation-iwt-in-india 
4. Achmadi, T., Nur, H I., Rachmadon, L R. (2018). Analysis Of Inland Waterway Transport For Container Shipping: Cikarang To Port Of TanjungPriok. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 135. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/135/1/012015 
5. El-Nakib, I., Roberts, C. (2006). Challenges To Inland Waterways Logistics Development: The Case Of Egypt. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1103.8563. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252134276 
6. Inland Navigation Market., Eurostat. (2018). Annual Report. Freight traffic on Inland Waterways. Retrieved from https://www.inland-navigation-market.org/en/rapports/2018/q2/2-freight-traffic-on-inland-waterways-2/ 
7. Radmilovic, Z, R., Dragovic, B. (2007). The Inland Navigation In Europe: Basis Facts, Advantages, and Disadvantages. Journal of Maritime Research, Vol. IV. No. 1, pp. 31-47, 2007. ISSN:1697-4840. at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/28199996